TM-9-2350-275-BD Battlefield Damage Assessment and Repair for M113 Family Download
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TM 9-2350-275-BD APPENDIX C e. Table C-1 identifies fuels or products that can be used as fuels. One of the best means to increase the available fuel is to use potential substitutes as extenders by mixing them with the primary fuels and not using them as the sole fuel source. This allows some products which could not ordinarily be burned (or pumped) to be used by diluting them. Because of the dangers of varying combustibility of fuels, increased by vaporization during filling, the blending process is very important. The most direct and expedient procedure to mix fuels is to add the two fuels at the same time from two separate fuel lines. If added directly to the vehicle fuel tanks as separate fuels there is not sufficient turbulence in filling or shaking by normal driving to provide a properly mixed fuel. In vehicles with more than one tank, you could end up with a distinct fuel type in each tank. C-2. FUEL BLENDING. a. In following the blending procedure it must be remembered that the basic fuel is the better of the two fuels and the extender is the poorer. The blending fuel is the extender. While you can use up to 50 percent (half and half) of the extender you should not use more than is needed to obtain the supply needed. Also, ensure a fuel tank or container is available to hold the quantity of fuel needed to perform the mixing operation. b. Blending Procedure. The preferred location to accomplish blending is at a fuel dispensing site or in fuel dispensing vehicles that utilize their own pumps. The least desirable is using vehicle’s fuel tanks. Blending in vehicle fuel tanks should only be done as a last resort because it is imprecise and time consuming. (1) Blending in Fuel Dispensing Vehicles. Add the blending fuel to the fuel tank and mix by reconnecting the pump inlet hose to the vehicle and recirculating the fuel for a minimum of 15 minutes. (2) Blending in 55 Gallon Drums. Add the blending fuel directly into a drum and mix by rolling the drum. (3) Blending in Gravity Feed Tanks (Stationary) Not Equipped With Fuel Transfer Pumps. Blending fuel can of a fuel be added manually or by using the pump and meter dispensing vehicle. Add the blending fuel and mix by recirculating from the tank outlet to the tank truck pump inlet. NOTE Blending in the fuel tanks of using equipment and vehicles should be undertaken only as a last resort. Add both fuels to the fuel tank at the same time with dual nozzles, or from fuel cans. c. If expedient fuels are not used completely during the operation, they should be drained or pumped out. Fill the vehicle fuel tanks with 10-15 gallons of an approved primary fuel and run the engine for at least 1/2 hour. Operate the engine under a load or drive the vehicle a sufficient distance to bring the engine up to operating temperature. C-2