FM-3-81 Maneuver Enhancement Brigade Download
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Chapter 4 4-6 FM 3-81 09 November 2021 Table 4-1. Information collection capabilities (continued) Organization Capability CA Conduct civil reconnaissance and civil engagement to identify, assess, verify, or refute information on targeted ASCOPE. Develop civil component of the operational environment to provide input to the common operational picture, targeting process, IPB, and integration of civil knowledge. Legend: AO area of operations ASCOPE areas, structures, capabilities, organizations, people, and events CA civil affairs CBRN chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear IPB intelligence preparation of the battlespace TCF chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear tactical combat force WMD weapons of mass destruction 4-17. MEB commanders must know enemy capabilities and intentions throughout the support area. They must anticipate, receive, and provide early warning of emerging threats in the AO. This requires access to all-source intelligence. Based on intelligence in the support area, the commander locates facilities and units and applies combat power to defeat threats early in the AO and, if required, relocates units at risk. 4-18. MEB and base camp commanders use observation posts and patrols to collect information and improve security. Base camp and base cluster commanders have an inherent responsibility to gather information and share intelligence with the support area designated land owner. Surveillance is inherent and continuous in all security operations. 4-19. Counterreconnaissance is also inherent in all security operations. It is the sum of all actions taken to counter enemy reconnaissance and surveillance efforts. The focus is to deny the enemy information and destroy or repel enemy reconnaissance elements. Security forces operate offensively or defensively when executing counterreconnaissance. 4-20. Counterintelligence is information gathered and activities conducted to identify, deceive, exploit, disrupt, or protect against espionage, other intelligence activities, sabotage, or assassinations conducted for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations or persons or their agents, or international terrorist organizations or activities (JP 1-02.2). Counterintelligence includes all actions taken to detect, identify, track, exploit, and neutralize the multidiscipline intelligence activities of adversaries. It is a key intelligence community contributor to protect U.S. interests and equities. The MEB S-2 coordinates all counterintelligence measures and operations with the counterintelligence coordinating authority of the higher headquarters. CIVIL-MILITARY OPERATIONS 4-21. Civil-military operations are a joint operational construct and the inherent responsibility of all commanders. Within this construct, contact between U.S. military forces and the civil component of the operational environment is considered civil-military operations. Commanders at all levels must realize that Soldiers’ actions—when dealing with the indigenous populations and institutions, unified action partners, and interagencies—impact the overall civil-military operations situation. Predeployment training of all Soldiers regarding the culture and customs of the factions of the indigenous populace they may encounter enhances the effectiveness of the overall civil-military operations objectives. 4-22. Every U.S. military organization has some capability to support the execution of civil-military operations. Typically, CA units form the nucleus of civil-military operations planning efforts. Others—such as special forces, psychological operations, engineers, medical, transportation, military police, and security forces—support this effort. Commanders and staffs should not consider civil-military operations something performed only by CA forces.