FM-3-09 Fire Support and Field Artillery Operations Download
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Field Artillery Operations 30 April 2020 FM 3-09 4-7 4-44. In addition to never leaving FA in reserve and the FS execution principles of AWIFM-N, FA commanders and FS personnel also consider mission, ammunition, and positioning when planning for FA system employment. Considerations are: Mission. Appropriate FA unit command support relationships assigned based on the commander's intent and the overall situation. Ammunition. Allocate ammunition to provide more support for the main effort. Ensure adequate ammunition for future operations through positioning, ammunition restrictions, or CSR parameters during execution and planning. Positioning. Continually re-position FA units, ammunition, TA resources, CPs, and assets to best support the plan as it is being executed. Assign direction of fire to mass fires in the appropriate AO. FIELD ARTILLERY INHERENT RESPONSIBILITIES IN ARMY COMMAND RELATIONSHIPS 4-45. FA cannon, rocket, and missile systems that are organic, assigned, attached to, or under the OPCON of FABs, DIVARTY, and BCTs provide commanders with continuously available, adjustable, and tailored fires under all weather conditions and in all types of terrain. These organizations can be task-organized with maneuver to provide the right combination of indirect fires capabilities for a given situation. 4-46. Command relationships provide the basis for ensuring unity of command and unity of effort in operations. Command relationships are used in Army force generation, force tailoring, and task-organizing. Command relationships define superior and subordinate relationships between unit commanders. By specifying a chain of command, command relationships unify effort and enable commanders to use subordinate forces with maximum flexibility. Army command relationships identify the degree of control of the gaining commander. The type of command relationship often relates to the expected longevity of the relationship between the HQ involved and quickly identifies the degree of support that the gaining and losing Army commanders provide: Organic is assigned to and forming an essential part of a military organization as listed in its table of organization for the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps, and are assigned to the operating forces for the Navy. (JP 1). Assign is to place units or personnel in an organization where such placement is relatively permanent, and/or where such organization controls and administers the units or personnel for the primary function, or greater portion of the functions, of the unit or personnel (JP 3-0). Attach is the placement of units or personnel in an organization where such placement is relatively temporary (JP 3-0). Operational control is the authority to perform those functions of command over subordinate forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction necessary to accomplish the mission (JP 1). Tactical control is the authority over forces that is limited to the detailed direction and control of movements or maneuvers within the operational area necessary to accomplish missions or tasks assigned (JP 1). FIELD ARTILLERY INHERENT RESPONSIBILITIES IN ARMY SUPPORT RELATIONSHIPS 4-47. In the past, DS, R, GSR, and GS were referred to as field artillery tactical missions. These tactical missions are now referred to as support relationships and are used by the rest of the Army to task-organize forces. 4-48. Army support relationships are not a command authority and are more specific than the joint support relationships. Commanders establish support relationships when subordination of one unit to another is inappropriate. Commanders assign support relationships when: the support is more effective if a commander with the requisite technical and tactical expertise controls the supporting unit rather than the supported commander; the echelon of the supporting unit is the same as or higher than that of the supported unit; or the