FM-3-09 Fire Support and Field Artillery Operations Download
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Chapter 3 3-2 FM 3-09 30 April 2020 SUPPORT THE CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS 3-4. The FS system responds to the maneuver commander's plan through the scheme of fires, with integration and delivery of proactive, timely, and accurate FS. The concept of operations is a statement that directs the manner in which subordinate units cooperate to accomplish the mission and establishes the sequence of actions the force will use to achieve the end state (ADP 5-0). 3-5. The maneuver commander must retain direct control over sufficient firepower to influence the battle by attacking HPTs. Of particular concern to the maneuver commander in large-scale ground combat operations is the attack of counterfire targets, SEAD, deep fires, and support of consolidation area operations. SYNCHRONIZE AND CONVERGE FIRE SUPPORT (LETHAL AND NONLETHAL) ACROSS ALL DOMAINS 3-6. Synchronization is the arrangement of military actions in time, space, and purpose to produce maximum relative combat power at a decisive place and time (JP 2-0). Convergence is the concerted employment of combat power against different decisive points in multiple domains to create effects against a system, formation, or capability. It is essential that FS planning is performed concurrently with the development of the scheme of maneuver. Synchronization must occur within the FS system itself and also with the other elements of combat power. 3-7. FS must be synchronized with other joint force activities to include air operations, cyberspace operations, ISR functions, special operations, personnel recovery, and information related activities to optimize limited resources and avoid friendly fire incidents. Synchronization of FS is primarily done through the Army targeting process decide, detect, deliver, and assess and the joint targeting cycle. Tactical and technical rehearsals of the FS plan are also key to synchronization of FS across all domains. Successful use of this methodology helps attack the right target with the best weapon at the right time. SUSTAIN AND PROTECT THE FIRE SUPPORT SYSTEM 3-8. Sustainment is a central, potentially decisive aspect of ensuring the FS system functions effectively. It is not a separate function or afterthought. Sustainment is the provision of logistics, financial management, personnel services, and health service support necessary to maintain operations until successful mission completion (ADP 4-0). FS and FA planners must conduct sustainment operations to ensure all elements of the FS system can continuously and rapidly integrate FS in all domains and ensure proper personnel services and health support. Ammunition, fuel, food, water, maintenance, transportation, and medical support are all critical to sustaining the FS system. 3-9. FS planners must also ensure proper protection measures are executed to ensure survivability of CPs, personnel, networks, target acquisition, and attack/delivery systems. Protection is the preservation of the effectiveness and survivability of mission-related military and nonmilitary personnel, equipment, facilities, information, and infrastructure deployed or located within or outside the boundaries of a given operational area (JP 3-0). The FSCOORD, who is also a commander, is responsible for providing the leadership that ensures that the FS system is sustained, protected, and can support the operation. FSCOORD identifies sustainment and protection requirements associated with all of the elements of the FS system and takes necessary actions to ensure that they are satisfied. The FSCOORD plans and monitors logistics readiness and training within the command and ensures that subordinate leaders understand and use external sustainment resources to the best effect. The FSCOORD ensures that coordination is made with supporting sustainment and protection elements outside the command. SUSTAINMENT 3-10. The FSCOORD must ensure the following: Formulate tactical plans to reflect logistics limitations and to exploit logistics capabilities. Stocks and supplies are properly positioned to sustain FS systems. In large-scale ground combat operations, this is particularly critical for FA systems because of the high tonnage of munitions.