FM-3-09 Fire Support and Field Artillery Operations Download
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Chapter 6 6-4 FM 3-09 30 April 2020 operations (JP 3-18). A forcible entry operation is conducted to gain entry into the territory of an enemy by seizing a lodgment as rapidly as possible to enable the conduct of follow-on large-scale ground combat operations after the enemy's A2/AD capabilities are neutralized. Like FS itself, forcible entry operations are joint in nature. The requirements for continuous resources of varying, complex capabilities such as C2, fires, transportation, and sustainment necessitate coordination from all elements of Department of Defense, other unified action, and often multinational unified action partners. For more information see JP 3-18. 6-15. To set favorable conditions for success, there are fourteen principles that apply to forcible entry operations. While FS is inherent in all of these principles, it is critical in the six principles below: Achieve surprise. Planners should strive to achieve surprise regarding exact objectives, times, methods, and forces employed in forcible entry operations. The degree of surprise required depends on the nature of the operation to be conducted. FS considerations include the timing of pre assault fires. Visualize the OA. Utilizing joint intelligence preparation of the operational environment provides the JFC the composite of the conditions, circumstances, and influences that affect the employment of capabilities that bear on the decisions of the commander. FS considerations include the integration into the joint targeting process for joint integrated prioritized target list nominations, and coordination with intelligence to understand enemy in the lodgment or that can affect the lodgment such as reinforcements and counter-attack forces. Isolate the lodgment. FS Considerations include the attack/neutralization of enemy capabilities including ground, sea, and air assets that can react to the assault. HPTs that support isolation of the lodgment include enemy long range fires that can range the lodgment area, fixed bridges, and enemy TA and C2 capabilities. Gain and maintain access. FS Considerations include identifying and neutralizing an enemy's AD capabilities to include their long range precision fires, ADA radars, ADA delivery platforms, airfields, and NL capabilities. Neutralize enemy forces within the lodgment. The joint force must neutralize enemy forces within the lodgment to facilitate the establishment of airheads and beach heads and to provide for the immediate protection of the force. HPTs include enemy security forces, enemy short range air defense, and C2 nodes. Consider limiting damage to infrastructure (such as an airfield or communications facility) that may be of value for future use of the friendly force. Expand the lodgment. FS Considerations include pushing ISR further into the OA, moving FA with maneuver forces off the lodgment to increase range, and begin flowing in additional artillery to reduce initial dependency on CAS, attack aviation, and Naval Gunfire Support. 6-16. Forcible entry capabilities include a combination of amphibious, airborne assault, air assault, and ground assault operations. Airborne, air assault, and SOF FS considerations are discussed below. For more information on these capabilities see JP 3-18 and FM 3-99. 6-17. Airborne forcible entry FS considerations include: Availability of surface to surface FS assets may be initially limited. Initial dependency on CAS, rotary wing aviation, and naval gunfire until artillery and mortars are available. Ensure proper ALO, JTAC, and air-naval ground liaison company representation in the assault force. Ensure adequate FA systems are introduced early in the airborne operation and following air land operations to create flexibility by reducing the dependency on CAS, attack aviation, and naval gunfire. SEAD to support transport aircraft (to include enemy ADA as well as enemy aircraft bases and enemy helicopter army and refueling points). Pre-assault fires of the airhead and other critical targets including interdiction fires. Deception fires at false landing zones. CEMA to disrupt forces in vicinity of the airhead. Inclusion of long range precision fires. Establish liaison with all joint and unified action partners supporting the operation. Common understanding and visualization of all SOF and unified action partners already operating in the area.