FM-3-09 Fire Support and Field Artillery Operations Download
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30 April 2020 FM 3-09 5-1 Chapter 5 Fire Support in Operations to Shape, and Operations to Prevent This chapter begins with a discussion on Army operations to shape the operational environment. Shaping operations are those activities that help to promote stability within a region. Section II discusses FS in operations to prevent. This chapter ends with the transition to LSGO, while they are a priority prior to conflict, operations to shape will continue through conflict and into the transition back to competition. SECTION I – OPERATIONS TO SHAPE OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS 5-1. Army operations to shape the OE are those operations and activities that help to promote stability within a region while simultaneously setting conditions should the situation shift from competition to military conflict. They help dissuade adversary activities designed to achieve regional goals short of military conflict. While they are a priority prior to conflict, operations to shape will continue through conflict and into the transition back to competition. 5-2. FS and FA activities that contribute to operations to shape consist of, but are not limited to participating in activities such as security cooperation, regionally assigned and aligned forces, and setting the theater for operations. Operations to shape also include foundational training strategy such as training, maintaining operational readiness, and contingency planning conducted by the various elements of the FS system. The Army and joint targeting process are critical during operations to shape. 5-3. Security Cooperation. Security cooperation activities include security assistance, security force assistance (SFA), and foreign internal defense (FID). Foreign internal defense is the participation by civilian and military forces of a government or international organizations in any of the programs and activities undertaken by a host nation government to free and protect its society from subversion, lawlessness, insurgency, terrorism, and other threats to its security (JP 3-22). Security assistance includes U.S. government programs that enable the provision of defense articles, military training, and other defense related services. Foreign military FS personnel attendance to FS specific initial entry and professional military education schools such as joint fires observer, the FA basic officer leader course-b, and the FA captain's career course are examples of FS and FA contributions to security assistance. Security force assistance is the Department of Defense activities that support the development of the capacity and capability of foreign security forces and their supporting institutions (JP 3-20). The focus of SFA is building the capacity and capability of foreign security forces (FSF) and their supporting institutions. Foreign security forces are forces, including, but not limited to military, paramilitary, police, and intelligence forces; border police, coast guard, and customs officials; and prison guards and correctional personnel, that provide security for a host nation and its relevant population or support a regional security organization's mission (FM 3-22). SFA encompasses various activities from tactical to ministerial level. FS and FA personnel will primarily train, advise, and assist foreign security forces at the tactical and operational levels. FA BN advisor teams and FS personnel within the security force assistance brigades (referred to as SFABs) are examples of SFA at the tactical and operational levels. In addition to security force assistance brigades (referred to as a SFAB), general purpose force FS and FA units may be assigned a mission of SFA. When determining goals for the FSF, it's important to fit them to the needs of the force. Success at SFA is determined by allowing the FSF to meet their own FS needs, not necessarily