ATP-5-0-2-1 Staff Reference Guide Volume 1 Download
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Appendix N 366 ATP 5-0.2-1 07 December 2020 Table N-2. Mountainous terrain maneuverability ATP 3-90.97 Class Terrain Mobility requirements Skill level required 1 Gentler slopes/trails Walking techniques Unskilled (with some assistance) and basic mountaineers 2 Steep/rugged terrain Some use of hands 3 Easy climbing Fixed ropes where exposed Basic mountaineers (with assistance from assault climbers) 4 Steep/exposed climbing Fixed ropes required 5 Near vertical Technical climbing required Assault climbers Table N-3. Altitude effects ATP 3-90.97 Altitude Approximate elevation Effects of acute altitude exposure Low Sea Level–1,200 m (4,000 ft) None Moderate 1,200–2,400 m (4,000–7,870 ft) Mild altitude illness and decreased performance may occur High 2,400–4,000 m (7,870–13,125 ft) Altitude illness and performance decrements are more common and greater Very High 4,000–5,500 m (13,125–18,000 ft) Altitude illness and decreased performance is the rule Extreme 5,500 m (18,000 ft) and higher With acclimatization, humans can function for short periods of time N-18. Impacts and risks of mountainous regions include— Concealment of movements due to fog, clouds, foliage, ravines, and rock. Obstacles to movement. Severely hindered sustainment resupply by vehicle. Avalanches. Temperature swings can fatigue Soldiers and pose risks to their health. Wind damage and wind chill. Equipment damage due to rugged terrain, rock slides, heavy snow, wind, and falls. Personnel injury and death due to falls, rockslides, avalanches, exposure, and prolonged injury. Altitude sickness. Difficulty in evacuation. The need for extended planning time, reconnaissance, and preparation before conducting operations. Multiple avenues of approach and cover/concealment present advantages to an attacker. Difficult terrain presents an advantage to the defense. Retrograde and recovery operations are difficult in mountainous terrain. Increased risk of vehicle rollovers. CASUALTY EVACUATION IN MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS N-19. Casualty evacuation (CASEVAC) in the mountains is resource-intensive in manpower, equipment, and time. If possible, planned routes should identify casualty collection points accessible to multiple transportation assets. Units consider how they will move casualties when vehicles or aircraft are not available due to terrain and weather restrictions. Personnel should be trained in rough terrain evacuation techniques prior to deployment, to include raising, lowering, and using nonstandard platforms. Leaders plan