ATP-5-0-2-1 Staff Reference Guide Volume 1 Download
Page 329 of 440
Command and Control Planning Factors 07 December 2020 ATP 5-0.2-1 313 ELECTROMAGNETIC ATTACK I-9. Electromagnetic attack is a division of electromagnetic warfare involving the use of electromagnetic energy, directed energy, or antiradiation weapons to attack personnel, facilities, or equipment with the intent of degrading, neutralizing, or destroying enemy combat capability and is considered a form of fires (JP 3-85). Electromagnetic attack includes— Actions taken to prevent or reduce an enemy's effective use of the EMS. Employment of weapons that use either electromagnetic or directed energy as their primary destructive mechanism. Offensive and defensive activities, including countermeasures. I-10. Electromagnetic attack includes using weapons that primarily use electromagnetic or directed energy for destruction. These can include lasers, radio frequency weapons, and particle beams. Directed energy is an umbrella term covering technologies that relate to the production of a beam of concentrated electromagnetic energy or atomic or subatomic particles. Also called DE (JP 3-85). In EW, most directed energy applications fit into the category of electromagnetic attack. A directed energy weapon uses electromagnetic energy to damage or destroy an enemy’s equipment, facilities, or personnel. In addition to destructive effects, directed energy weapon systems support area denial and crowd control. Figure I-1 on page 312 depicts the relationships between electromagnetic attack, electromagnetic protection, and electromagnetic warfare support. I-11. Actions related to electromagnetic attack are either offensive or defensive. Although offensive and defensive actions and capabilities are similar, their purposes differ. Defensive electromagnetic attack protects friendly personnel and equipment or platforms. Offensive electromagnetic attack denies, disrupts, or destroys enemy capability. Electromagnetic attack actions include— Countermeasures. Electromagnetic deception. Electromagnetic intrusion. Electromagnetic jamming. Electromagnetic probing. Electromagnetic pulse. Positions, navigation, timing denial, and deception. ELECTROMAGNETIC PROTECTION I-12. Electromagnetic protection is a division of electromagnetic warfare involving actions taken to protect personnel, facilities, and equipment from any effects of friendly or enemy use of the electromagnetic spectrum that degrade, neutralize, or destroy friendly combat capability. Also called EP (JP 3-85). For example, EP includes actions taken to ensure friendly use of the EMS, such as frequency agility in a radio or variable pulse repetition frequency in radar. Commanders should avoid confusing EP with self protection. Both defensive electromagnetic attack and EP protect personnel, facilities, capabilities, and equipment. However, EP protects from the effects of electromagnetic attack (friendly and enemy) and electromagnetic interference, while defensive electromagnetic attack primarily protects against lethal attacks by denying enemy use of the EMS to guide or trigger weapons. I-13. During operations, EP includes, but is not limited to, the application of training and procedures for countering enemy electromagnetic attack. Army commanders and forces understand the threat and vulnerability of friendly electronic equipment to enemy electromagnetic attack and take appropriate actions to safeguard friendly combat capability from an exploitation and attack. EP measures minimize the enemy's ability to conduct electromagnetic warfare support and electromagnetic attack operations successfully against friendly forces. To protect friendly combat capabilities, units— Regularly brief friendly force personnel on the EW threat. Safeguard electromagnetic system capabilities during exercises and pre-deployment training. Coordinate and deconflict EMS usage. Limit the EMS signatures to reduce the threat's ability to locate nodes.