ATP-5-0-2-1 Staff Reference Guide Volume 1 Download
Page 149 of 440
Preparing 07 December 2020 ATP 5-0.2-1 133 force rehearsal. A small unit from the echelons involved can perform a full-dress rehearsal as part of a larger organization's key leader rehearsal. 3-47. A key leader rehearsal is less likely to present OPSEC risks than a full-dress rehearsal because it has fewer participants. However, it requires the same number of radio transmissions as a full-dress rehearsal. Terrain management for the key leader rehearsal can be as difficult as for the full-dress rehearsal. Units identify, secure, clear, and maintain the rehearsal area throughout the rehearsal. Terrain-Model Rehearsal 3-48. The terrain-model rehearsal is the most popular rehearsal method. It takes less time and fewer resources than full-dress or other rehearsals. An accurately constructed terrain model helps subordinate leaders visualize the commander's intent and concept of operations. When possible, commanders place the terrain model where it overlooks the actual terrain of the AO. The model's orientation coincides with that of the terrain. The size of the terrain model can vary from small (using markers to represent units) to large (on which the participants can walk). A large model helps reinforce the participants' perception of unit positions on the terrain. 3-49. Constructing the terrain model often consumes the most time. Units require a clear SOP that states how to build the model so it is accurate, large, and detailed enough to conduct the rehearsal. A good SOP also establishes staff responsibility for building the terrain model and a timeline for its completion. Because a terrain model is geared to the echelon conducting the rehearsal, multi-echelon rehearsals using this technique are difficult. 3-50. This rehearsal can present OPSEC risks if the area around the rehearsal site is not secured. Assembled commanders and their vehicles can draw enemy attention. Units must sanitize the terrain model after completing the rehearsal. Terrain management is less difficult than with previous rehearsal types. A good site is easy for participants to find, yet it is concealed from the enemy. An optimal location overlooks the terrain where the unit will execute the operation. Digital Terrain-Model Rehearsal 3-51. Digital terrain models are virtual representations of the AO. Units drape high-resolution imagery over elevation data thereby creating a fly-through or walk-through. Holographic imagery produces the view in three dimensions. Often, the model hot links graphics, detailed information, unmanned aircraft systems, and ground imagery to key points providing more insight into the plan. The unit geospatial engineers can assist in digital model creation. Detailed city models already exist for many world cities. 3-52. The time required for creating a digital three-dimensional model depends on the amount of available data on the terrain being modeled. Of all the echelons involved, this type of rehearsal best suits small units, although with a good local area network, a wider audience can view the graphics. All echelons may be provided copies of the digital model to take back to their headquarters for a more detailed examination. 3-53. If not placed on a computer network, the OPSEC risk is limited because the model does not use a large physical site that requires securing and leaders can conduct the rehearsal under cover. However, if placed on a computer network, digital terrain models can be subject to enemy exploitation due to inherent vulnerabilities of networks. This type of rehearsal requires the least amount of terrain. Using tents or enclosed areas conceals the rehearsal from the enemy. Sketch-Map Rehearsal 3-54. Commanders can use the sketch-map technique almost anywhere, day or night. The procedures are the same as for a terrain-model rehearsal except the commander uses a sketch map in place of a terrain model. Large sketches ensure all participants can see everyone’s actions as each participant walks through execution of the operation. Participants move markers on the sketch to represent unit locations and maneuvers. Sketch-map rehearsals take less time than terrain-model rehearsals and more time than map rehearsals. 3-55. Units tailor a sketch map to the echelon conducting the rehearsal. Multi-echelon rehearsals using this technique are difficult. This rehearsal can present OPSEC risks, if the area around the rehearsal site is not