ATP-5-0-2-1 Staff Reference Guide Volume 1 Download
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Chapter 2 86 ATP 5-0.2-1 07 December 2020 Table 2-22. Terrain effects matrix example OAKOC factor (military aspects of terrain) Terrain effects examples Observation and fields of fire Sparse vegetation on generally flat desert terrain with observation of 3 to 5 kilometers. There are 10 kilometers between intervisibility lines. Limited air support observation due to sparse terrain and the Earth’s curvature. Fields of fire for direct fire are 300 to 500 meters for small arms. Intermediate breaks in observation and fields of fire due to runoffs and cuts. Likely engagement areas. Avenues of approach (AAs) Primary and secondary road systems for high AAs. Generally flat terrain with brigade-sized mobility corridors between small villages. Railroad in the north running east to west. AA2 is the recommended AA due to its ability to place organic weapon systems in range before observation from the enemy in the defense. Key terrain Airfield used as resupply and troop movements. Dam controls water flow on the river and is the primary objective of the threat. Obstacles Restrictive runoffs and cuts run throughout the AO with an average depth of 5 to 10 feet and an average width of 20 feet that runs 6 to 10 kilometers long. Above-ground oil and transport pipeline (on severely restrictive terrain) that runs through the central width of the AO. Cover and concealment Cover by direct fire systems is provided by intervisibility lines. Concealment is limited by the open terrain and sparse vegetation. Analyze the Military Aspects of Weather 2-257. Weather parameters (or weather variables) that may impact military operations include, but are not limited to, visibility, wind, precipitation, clouds, temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and sea state. Planners must understand the weather-limiting thresholds across the Army warfighting functions and based on current and forecast weather parameters, determine the specific weather-associated effects on Army warfighting capabilities and integrate these limits into the MDMP. Visibility 2-258. Visibility refers to the greatest distance that prominent objects can be seen and identified by the unaided, normal eye. Available light is used to evaluate visibility considering the following factors: Begin morning nautical twilight is the start of that period where, in good conditions and in the absence of other illumination, the sun is 12 degrees below the eastern horizon and enough light is available to identify the general outlines of ground objects and conduct limited military operations. Also called BMNT (JP 3-09.3). Light intensification devices are still effective and may have enhanced capabilities. Sunrise is the apparent rising of the sun above the horizon. Rising times depend on latitude. Sunset is the apparent descent of the sun below the horizon. Setting times depend on latitude. End of evening nautical twilight is the point in time when the sun has dropped 12 degrees below the western horizon, and is the instant of last available daylight for the visual control of limited military operations. Also called EENT (JP 2-01.3). At end of evening nautical twilight, no further sunlight is available. Moonrise is the time at which the moon first rises above the horizon. Rising times depend on latitude. Moonset is the time at which the moon sets below the horizon. Setting times depend on latitude. 2-259. Other weather conditions can affect visibility as well. Temperature can affect the use of thermal sights. Cloud cover and ceiling can negate illumination provided by the moon. Precipitation and other obscurants have varying effects as well. Low visibility is beneficial to offensive and retrograde operations because it conceals maneuver forces, thus enhancing the possibility of surprise. Low visibility hinders the defense because cohesion and control become difficult to maintain, it impedes reconnaissance operations and it degrades target acquisition.