ATP-3-94-2 HIMARS Deep Operations Download

Deep Operations in the Operations Process 1 September 2016 ATP 3-94.2 2-3 DESCRIBE 2-10. Commanders describe their visualization to their staffs and subordinates to facilitate shared understanding and purpose. During planning, commanders ensure subordinates understand their visualization well enough to begin course of action development. During execution, commanders describe modifications to their visualization resulting in fragmentary orders that adjust the original order. Commanders describe their visualization in doctrinal terms, refining and clarifying it as circumstances require. Commanders express their visualization in terms of the following:  Commander’s intent.  Planning guidance, including an operational approach.  Commander’s critical information requirements.  Essential elements of friendly information. 2-11. Division and corps commanders collaborate and coordinate their visualization with higher and supporting commanders on ways to integrate joint capabilities throughout their areas of operation, especially for operations in the deep area. An important consideration for all Army commanders is maximizing the use of the operational reach of U.S. air power. To maximize the ability of the joint force air component to strike and interdict enemy forces, the corps commander collaborates with the joint force commander, supporting, and affected commanders to carefully select the appropriate fire support coordination measure (FSCM). Two permissive FSCMs that facilitate the joint force air component commander’s ability to support division and corps deep operations are the fire support coordination line (FSCL) and the kill box. 2-12. A fire support coordination line is a fire support coordination measure established by the land or amphibious force commander to support common objectives within an area of operation beyond which all fires must be coordinated with affected commanders prior to engagement, and short of the line, all fires must be coordinated with the establishing commander prior to engagement (JP 3-09). While a FSCL does not divide an AO, it delineates the areas within the land component’s AO in which the land component is conducting ground operations and areas in the senior tactical commander’s AO where other service component commanders can employ maximum combat power in support of ground operations. Short of the FSCL, the senior tactical commander controls all air-to-ground and surface-to-surface operations in the AO. The optimum placement of the FSCL varies with the situation. Considerations for FSCL placement include the current ground force positioning and the anticipated scheme of maneuver during the effective time period of the FSCL, as well as their indirect fire support systems’ range limits where the preponderance of lethal effects within the AO shift from the ground component to other components, most likely the air component. 2-13. Use of a FSCL is not mandatory. Forces engaging targets beyond an FSCL must inform all affected commanders in sufficient time to allow necessary reaction to avoid fratricide, both in the air and on the land. The FSCL applies to all air, land, and sea-based weapons systems using munitions against surface targets. In exceptional circumstances, the inability to complete this coordination does not preclude the engagement of targets beyond the FSCL. However, failure to do so increases the risk of fratricide (see JP 3-09). Additionally, forces maneuvering (ground or air) beyond the FSCL must also coordinate with all affected commanders to ensure that their maneuver does not conflict with other component’s ongoing operations and to ensure that procedural and electronic combat identification procedures are coordinated in order to avoid fratricide. DIRECT 2-14. Commanders direct all aspects of operations by establishing their commander's intent, setting achievable objectives, and issuing clear tasks to subordinate units. Throughout the operations process, commanders direct forces by—  Preparing and approving plans and orders.  Establishing command and support relationships.  Assigning and adjusting tasks, control measures, and task organization.  Positioning units to maximize combat power.  Positioning key leaders at critical places and times to support exercise of mission command.  Allocating resources to exploit opportunities and counter threats.  Committing the reserve as required.