ATP-3-94-2 HIMARS Deep Operations Download
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Chapter 1 1-8 ATP 3-94.2 1 September 2016 JOINT SERVICE CAPABILITIES 1-31. Army forces usually operate as part of a larger joint force and the commander may coordinate for the use of joint assets through the joint force commander to compliment or reinforce deep operations or conduct attacks when the risk to land forces is too high, the enemy situation is too complex, the target is too far, or the target set can be more efficiently struck by joint assets. The joint community refers to deep operations which are not in close proximity to friendly ground forces as interdiction. Each of the joint force components maintains the ability to shape the AO in time, space, and purpose through both lethal and nonlethal means through the use of fires delivered by sub-surface, surface, and air assets. 1-32. In addition to interdiction operations, the joint force has assets noted for their specialized roles that can complement deep operations to include strategic attack; intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance; space operations; information operations; and strike coordination and reconnaissance. Joint capabilities are often better suited and better equipped to conduct deep operations than Army forces, especially in linear operations where the enemy territory may extend well beyond the ground force commander’s area of influence. When joint capabilities are available, commanders should consider coordinating and integrating joint assets into their deep operations prior to committing Army forces. Refer to JP 3-03 for more information. SPECIAL OPERATIONS 1-33. Commanders may coordinate for special operations to assist in the deep fight when conventional operations are inappropriate or infeasible. Special operations are generally unconventional in nature and often clandestine in character and are well suited for operating against irregular threats in the deep area. Special operations may target the enemy’s rear operations area to disrupt or destroy key transitory targets. Such direct action operations typically involve an attack on critical targets such as lines of communication. Special operations may also degrade or obstruct the war making capability of an enemy by damaging, destroying, or diverting materiel, facilities, utilities, and resources. This sabotage may be the most effective, and sometimes the only means, of attacking specific targets that lie beyond the capabilities of conventional weapons systems. Special operations forces (SOF) are a potent interdiction force in their own right. However, their greatest contribution to deep operations may be their use as a force enabler and multiplier. SOF complement and support conventional deep operations by conducting special reconnaissance to provide intelligence, target cueing, guidance for precision guided munitions, and post attack assessment. Refer to ADRP 3-05 for more information about the special operations. CHARACTERISTICS FOR EFFECTIVE DEEP OPERATIONS 1-34. Effective deep operations share a number of common characteristics that lead to the attainment of deep operation objectives. The mix of characteristics in each operation depends on variables such as the nature of the conflict, geographic location, weather, and enemy characteristics. In addition to the tenants of unified land operations, characteristics of effective deep operations include the following: Simultaneity. Combined arms effort. Accurate, reliable, and timely intelligence. Continuous target development and refinement. Deliberately planned. SIMULTANEITY 1-35. Commanders determine the arrangement of activities throughout the AO’s width, depth, and airspace over time. Successful operations in depth demand simultaneity. Simultaneity is the capability to execute multiple actions at the same time. It requires the ability to conduct and integrate operations in the deep, close, and support areas simultaneously so their timing produces greater effects than executing each in isolation, thereby exponentially increasing their effectiveness throughout an AO. 1-36. Simultaneous operations in depth present the enemy with multiple dilemmas, degrade his freedom of action, reduce his flexibility and endurance, and upset his plans and coordination. These operations place critical enemy functions at risk at the same time and deny the enemy the ability to synchronize or generate