ATP-3-94-2 HIMARS Deep Operations Download

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Deep Operations Overview 1 September 2016 ATP 3-94.2 1-7 The commander must thoroughly plan for aerial resupply of the raiding force since it entails greater risk than normal operations. For more detailed information, see FM 3-90-1. RECONNAISSANCE IN FORCE 1-28. The commander may commit forces to the deep area to conduct reconnaissance as part of a focused effort to collect information on enemy activities and resources, geographical, hydrological, and meteorological characteristics, and civilian considerations. The information gained is used to inform the intelligence preparation of the battlefield, course of action development, and target development and refinement. Reconnaissance efforts, by nature, are not conducted with the expressed purpose to delay, disrupt, divert, or destroy enemy forces. However, the commander may achieve these ends by executing a reconnaissance in force (RIF). A reconnaissance in force is a deliberate combat operation designed to discover or test the enemy’s strength, dispositions, and reactions or to obtain other information. The RIF is an aggressive reconnaissance that is conducted as an offensive operation (ADRP 3-90). A commander assigns a RIF mission when the enemy is known to be operating within an area and the commander cannot obtain adequate intelligence by any other means. Because of the lack of information about the enemy, a commander normally conducts a RIF as a movement to contact or a series of frontal attacks across a broad frontage. The RIF is typically assigned to a battalion task force or larger organization that is equipped and strong enough to develop the situation, protect the force, cause the enemy to react, and put the enemy at some risk. While the overall goal is to determine enemy weaknesses that can be exploited, the RIF may interrupt the enemy commander’s operations or decision cycle. For more information on reconnaissance in force, refer to ADRP 3-90. INFORMATION OPERATIONS 1-29. Commanders can incorporate information operations into deep operations to amplify their ability to influence the enemy’s decision-making, as well as the cognitive processes or relevant audiences in the areas of operation, influence, and interest. Information operations is the integrated employment, during military operations, of information-related capabilities in concert with other lines of operation to influence, disrupt, corrupt, or usurp the decision-making of adversaries and potential adversaries while protecting our own (JP 3-13). Information operations integrates information-related capabilities such as electronic warfare, military information support operations (MISO), and military deception to create effects in and through the information environment to include doubt and uncertainty that affect the enemy commander’s decision- making processes. Information operations is also a means to influence the attitudes, opinions, and behaviors of other relevant audiences through words, images, posture, and positioning. Commanders leverage information operations to complement, support, and reinforce other lines of operation or effort and may at times make information operations the decisive operation. For a more detailed discussion on information operations and information-related capabilities, refer to FM 3-13. CYBER ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTIVITIES 1-30. In addition to information operations, commanders integrate cyber electromagnetic activities into deep operations to maintain an informational advantage over the enemy. Cyber electromagnetic activities (CEMA) are activities leveraged to seize, retain, and exploit an advantage over adversaries and enemies in both cyberspace and the electromagnetic spectrum while simultaneously denying and degrading adversary and enemy use of the same and protecting the mission command system (ADRP 3-0). CEMA consists of cyberspace operations, electronic warfare, and spectrum management operations. CEMA provides the commander with capabilities to gain a decisive advantage in cyberspace and the electromagnetic spectrum. Cyberspace and electronic warfare capabilities ensure freedom of action enabling mission command. Effects in cyberspace and the electromagnetic spectrum may create complementary, reinforcing, or cascading effects in concert with other friendly capabilities against adversaries or enemies. Additionally, CEMA provides the commander capabilities to increase survivability and protect friendly networks and data. Divisions and corps have capability CEMA section to synchronize and integrate effects in cyberspace and the electromagnetic spectrum. The cyber planner in the CEMA section should coordinate with higher headquarters for cyberspace and electronic warfare support above the unit’s organic capabilities. See FM 3-38 for more information.