ATP-3-09-30 Observed Fires Download

Chapter 6 6-22 ATP 3-09.30 28 September 2017 ARTILLERY 6-86. Artillery smoke rounds includes white phosphorous, hexachloroethane-zinc, and improved smoke rounds. Shell White Phosphorus 6-87. WP has four uses: incendiary, marking, obscuring, and screening. It can be used to destroy the threat's equipment or to limit their vision. It builds quickly but has little sustainment. Due to the possible lethal effects of WP gas, consideration should be used when employing WP in the vicinity of friendly maneuver units and civilians to prevent fratricide or civilian casualties. It is normally used against—  Vehicles.  Petroleum and ammunition storage areas.  Threat observers. 6-88. Use either point detonating or time fuzed WP as an aid in target location and navigation. Shell Hexachloroethane-Zinc 6-89. Hexachlorethane (HC) is time fuzed and functions at an HOB of approximately 50 meters. The projectile expels the HC smoke canisters to disperse them in the target area. Although HC smoke is slow building, it lasts longer and has less tendency to pillar. HC smoke has no casualty producing effects. This makes HC a more effective screening agent than WP. Due to the possible down-range risk of shell residue, consideration should be used when employing HC in the vicinity of friendly units and civilians. Shell M825 Improved Smoke 6-90. M825 is a canister filled with WP impregnated felt wedges that are expelled from the base of the projectile. It is time fuzed and functions at a predetermined HOB that varies with the propellant and charge fired. The wedges build rapidly into an effective screen with lasting duration. 6-91. Table 6-14 provides smoke planning data for artillery and mortars. Table 6-14. Smoke planning data (ATP 3-09.42) Delivery System Type Round Time to Build Effective Smoke (minutes) Average Burning Time (minutes) Average Obscuration Length (meters) Per Round Wind Direction Cross Head or Tail 155-mm WP 1/2 1 to 1 1/2 150 50 HC 1 to 1 1/2 4 350 75 M825 1/2 5 to 10 350 100 to 200 105-mm WP 1/2 1 to 1 1/2 75 50 HC 1 to 1 1/2 3 250 50 120-mm WP 1/2 2 1/2 100 60 81-mm WP 1/2 1 100 40 RP 1/2 2 1/2 100 40 60-mm WP 1/2 1 75 40 Note. All rounds are fired as standard missions with parallel sheafs under favorable conditions. Legend: HC—hexachloroethane mm—millimeter RP—red phosphorous WP—white phosphorous EMPLOYMENT CONSIDERATIONS 6-92. Factors to consider when employing smoke are weather, terrain, means available, ammunition, the threat, and mission command.