ATP-3-09-02 Field Artillery Survey Download
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Chapter 3 3-18 ATP 3-09.02 16 February 2016 3-83. Normally, FA firing positions are in natural clearings. This usually will permit a position area survey to tie in the firing batteries relative to each other. Direction can be obtained as described above. One possible solution for the extension of the common grid is using gridded mosaics or other photomap products. URBAN AREAS 3-84. In most military operations, the type of terrain is a prime factor in planning, coordinating, and executing a unit mission. This is especially true for survey operations conducted in and around villages, towns, cities, and other built-up areas. The presence of buildings and manmade changes to the landscape greatly affect survey operations and must be considered during IPADS or IPADS-G operations. 3-85. The tactical situation is a strong influence on survey operations in built-up areas. The enemy can be well hidden by using roofs and upper stories of buildings, sewer systems, subways, and other underground structures. Enemy obstacles (barricades, improvised explosive devices, booby traps, and minefields) may deny the use of certain terrain needed as routes for extension of survey control. Communication between survey assets may be hampered by the limited range of frequency modulated radios within built-up areas. 3-86. Line-of-sight limitations in urban areas and the possibility of widespread weapon positions will increase the number of survey stations. Required OPs must be located on rooftops, towers, or other high structures. Also, more OPs may be needed to observe all areas of concern and to ensure accurate target locations. 3-87. Targets of opportunity generally will be exposed for brief periods. Also, political and tactical considerations will demand pinpoint accuracy in locating and destroying targets. Destroying key facilities and creating severe obstacles to friendly troops must be weighed. For a detailed discussion of urban operations, see FM 3-06.