ATP-3-09-02 Field Artillery Survey Download

Chapter 8 8-8 ATP 3-09.02 16 February 2016 MISSION 8-21. The FA requires an inertial survey system capable of providing location to an accuracy of 4 meters CEP and 2 meters PE in altitude and providing direction to an accuracy of 0.4 mils PE. This level of accuracy is required to enable the systems that use the information to fully attain their functional accuracy requirements. FA target acquisition and weapons platforms are leveraging GPS technology to enhance current and proposed positive navigation (POSNAV) systems. 8-22. The GPS-inertial systems on FA platforms significantly enhance self-location, accuracy, and responsiveness of cannon, rocket, target acquisition, and missile systems. GPS technology and POSNAV systems have reduced the survey burden on FA units but cannot replace battlefield survey in the near to midterm future. 8-23. The presence of GPS/inertial POSNAV systems on the battlefield decreases, but does not negate, the need for a separate backup inertial capability to provide location, elevation, and direction. GPS/inertial POSNAV systems are susceptible to jamming, spoofing, loss of signal, and so forth. Loss of the GPS signal requires that GPS/inertial POSNAV systems be frequently updated at a surveyed update point. GPS/inertial systems require update points whenever the GPS is not available and inertial systems fall out of tolerance. To support these GPS-inertial systems and counter their vulnerabilities, a robust, non-GPS based, inertial survey capability is required—now and in the foreseeable future. As the number of GPS/inertial systems on platforms increases in maneuver and support units, IPADS provides SCPs for use by these systems should GPS not be available. Inertial survey capability ensures timely and accurate survey data is always available to critical war-fighting systems, when and where it is needed, whether GPS is functioning or not. 8-24. The following are special situations in which the IPADS or IPADS-G can be used. No additional personnel or equipment is required.  Establishing a Declination Station. When the IPADS or IPADS-G is used to establish a declination station, the criteria for the predetermined site is the same as that described in paragraph 8-21. The preferred procedure, time and tactical situation permitting, is to travel directly from an update point and determine the mean of two azimuths for each azimuth line (as a check) by following normal position and azimuth determining system (PADS) procedures for determining an azimuth. The azimuths should agree within 0.4 mil. To close out the declination station survey, update as soon as possible and record adjusted data. Record and include measured vertical angles with the declination station data. (The vertical angle is not used with IPADS or IPADS-G but will be used at the declination station to determine a vertical angle correction when the aiming circle is declinated.)  Using the PADS with Assumed Data. The IPADS or IPADS-G can be operated in areas where known survey control or GPS data are not available. In such cases, the IPADS or IPADS-G operator must know the spheroid and UTM grid zone and must use all existing support elements (S2, FC) to determine the data needed to initialize the system. The initialization data used should be as accurate as possible. When conducting a IPADS or IPADS-G operation under these conditions, the IPADS or IPADS-G operator will update the system over the initialization point (assumed point) and all control will be extended from this point to ensure all elements are on a common grid. To close out this type of survey, the IPADS or IPADS-G must be updated over the initialization-initial update point (assumed SCP). This procedure should be used only in special missions where known survey control is not available.  Operating PADS at Night. The PADS can be operated at night under blackout conditions as long as the CDU keyboard can be read with the lamps dimmed or with a flashlight with strict light control. Only the CDU status indicators and data display can be dimmed. The keyboard is either fully illuminated or dark. If optical transfer is to be performed, the theodolite front site can be painted white with typewriter correction fluid or can be illuminated with the hand lamp. The end of the azimuth line must be illuminated. Under blackout conditions, the two-position mark method is preferred in establishing an azimuth line. The only illumination required for this method is to aid in marking the station. For tactical reasons, the IPADS or IPADS-G team must be thoroughly familiar with all indicators and controls and the CDU keyboard.  Decontaminating IPADS or IPADS-G. While in a survey mission, the system can continue to operate in a chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) environment with partial