ADP-3-19 FIRES Warfighting Function Download
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Integrate Army, Multinational, and Joint Fires 31 July 2019 ADP 3-19 3-3 3-12. A commander who meets specific criteria may exercise airspace control when delegated an assigned volume of airspace by the airspace control authority. One common criteria requires the implementation of a joint air-ground integration center (JAGIC) supported with an Air Force air support operations center. Airspace planning with the airspace element is essential to responsive fires. The JAGIC is the execution node for fires and airspace control. See ATP 3-91.1 (The Joint Air-Ground Integration Center) for more information about JAGIC. 3-13. Close coordination is required to integrate airspace use with the employment of fires. Fire support agencies normally establish FSCMs. Integration and deconfliction of airspace and joint fires normally occurs during mission planning where FSCMs, ACMs, and other appropriate coordination measures are disseminated through command, airspace control, air and missile defense, and fire support channels. Real- time coordination, integration, and deconfliction of airspace and joint fires with airspace control elements and C2 nodes are essential in developing situations. For more information on fire support coordination and FSCMs, see FM 3-09. Integrating Multinational Fires 3-14. The U.S. conducts multinational operations as part of an alliance or coalition. U.S. commanders must integrate multinational fires capabilities in concert with all other elements of combat power from all contributing allies and partners. Multinational operations is a collective term to describe military actions conducted by forces of two or more nations, usually undertaken within the structure of a coalition or alliance (JP 3-16). 3-15. A coalition is an arrangement between two or more nations for common action. Nations usually form coalitions for specific, limited purposes. A coalition action is an action outside the bounds of established alliances, usually in a narrow area of common interest. Army forces may participate in coalition actions under the authority of a United Nations’ resolution. An alliance is the relationship that results from a formal agreement between two or more nations for broad, long-term objectives that further the common interests of the members (JP 3-0). Military alliances, such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, allow partners to establish formal, standard agreements. 3-16. Each ally or coalition partner can bring unique fires capabilities to any operation, and these capabilities come with important considerations, employment options, caveats, and challenges. Understanding multinational capabilities and all associated considerations allows commanders to employ multinational fires assets in concert with U.S. fires assets to create effects and achieve objectives. 3-17. Interoperability is the ability to act together coherently, effectively, and efficiently to achieve tactical, operational, and strategic objectives (JP 3-0). Multinational interoperability for fires must incorporate human, procedural, and technical means to create effects from within a multinational force. 3-18. Human interoperability addresses the fundamental interaction of people from multiple nations to achieve common objectives. Multinational organizations must develop a program to exchange liaison officers and rely on human interaction in addition to any digital liaison. Important human interoperability considerations include: Liaison and exchange officers at appropriate echelon. Integration of embedded officers into appropriate organizations such as the JAGIC (see ATP 3- 91.1 for additional information on the JAGIC). Language skills among partners and allies and the use of interpreters. Authorities vested in exchanged personnel. Procedural interoperability is the relevant coordination and synchronization of multinational assets to create the desired effects according to established and agreed upon protocol. Planners must understand when procedure differs between nations and within multinational organizations, and adhere to the correct protocol in employing multinational assets. Some procedural interoperability considerations include: Common understanding of accepted procedures (U.S., North Atlantic Treaty Organization, American, British, Canadian, Australian, and New Zealand Armies Program, or other agreements). Common understanding of the ROE.