ADP-3-19 FIRES Warfighting Function Download
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Chapter 3 3-2 ADP 3-19 31 July 2019 or warfighting functions (ADP 6-0). This delineation of responsibilities begins with the assignment of an AO. An area of operations is an operational area defined by a commander for land and maritime forces that should be large enough to accomplish their missions and protect their forces (JP 3-0). Unit responsibilities within their assigned AO include: Terrain management. Information collection. Civil military operations. Movement control. Clearance of fires. Security. Personnel recovery. Airspace control Minimum essential stability tasks. 3-6. Commanders responsible for an AO will typically be the primary creator of effects within that AO. Therefore, commanders must take care not to assign subordinate commanders an AO that is larger than their area of influence, which is a geographical area wherein a commander is directly capable of influencing operations by maneuver or fire support systems normally under the commander’s command or control (JP 3- 0). An AO that is too large may create a gap within the AO that an enemy can operate from relatively free from the effects of friendly forces while limiting the ability of the higher HQ to create effects in that same terrain. 3-7. Once a commander has been assigned an AO, they use additional control measures to create an environment that enable the use of fires capabilities. These control measures may be permissive or restrictive in nature. They will primarily consist of maneuver control measures, FSCMs, ACMs, and air defense measures (ADMs). For more on the use of FSCMs, see FM 3-09. 3-8. Effects created in the cyber domain, including the electromagnetic spectrum, as well as the space domain and information environment also require careful planning and management to avoid duplication of effort and the creation of unintended effects. The use of fires in these domains can easily create effects outside of a commander’s AO. Therefore, they are typically constrained by using authorities. The authority to create effects in these domains will normally be held at a higher level, including the theater or national strategic level for some effects. Commanders must balance the authorities needed to create effects in these domains by subordinate commanders with the potential risks associated with creating unintentional effects. Airspace Planning and Integration 3-9. Airspace planning occurs throughout the operations process (planning, preparing, executing and assessing of operations) by consolidating the requirements of airspace users. Airspace control is a continuous activity of the operations process and an integral part of risk management. All warfighting functions and liaisons represented in a commander’s staff are integral to the integration of airspace use and users. Units’ fires cell and airspace element coordination is vital to effective air-ground integration. See FM 3-52 (Airspace Control) for additional information. 3-10. The UAP is the integrated set of ACMs to support Army operations submitted to the airspace control authority for integration into a future ACO. The UAP is developed throughout the operations process by consolidating ACM contributions from participating warfighting functions. See ATP 3-52.1 for more on UAP development. 3-11. All commanders inherently have airspace management responsibilities to control their assigned airspace users and to coordinate the use of airspace. Commanders assigned an AO are responsible for performing airspace management of Army and supporting airspace users and to process a UAP to their higher HQ. The Army air-ground systems enables Army commanders and staffs to coordinate and integrate the actions of Army airspace users over the AO regardless of whether they have been assigned airspace control responsibility for a volume of airspace. (See FM 3-52)