ADP-3-19 FIRES Warfighting Function Download
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31 July 2019 ADP 3-19 3-1 Chapter 3 Integrate Army, Multinational, and Joint Fires This chapter describes the processes used by the commander and staff to synchronize the force. It addresses how fires planners work within the operations process to integrate fires assets into planning, preparation, and assessment, then discusses the integrating process of targeting (Army and joint targeting) as the means to prioritize targets, effects, and resources for the commander based on the entire suite of tools available. FIRES IN THE OPERATIONS PROCESS 3-1. The fires warfighting integrates with the other warfighting functions as part of the operations process. The operations process is the major command and control activities performed during operations: planning, preparing, executing, and continuously assessing (ADP 5-0). As part of the operations process, commanders and staffs plan to execute fires through subordinate planning processes such as fire support planning, airspace planning and management, electromagnetic spectrum management, multinational integration, and air and missile defense planning and integration. Leaders further synchronize fires through rehearsals. INTEGRATING FIRES INTO PLANNING 3-2. Integration of fires begins during mission analysis, supported by continuously updated estimates, and incorporates post-execution assessment. Commanders at all levels are responsible for the effective integration of fires. The scheme of fires, part of the concept of the operation developed during the military decision- making process, specifies how the commander wants to shape the OE in support of his requirements and objectives. 3-3. Fire support planning is the continuous process of analyzing, allocating, integrating, synchronizing, and scheduling fires to describe how the effects of fires facilitate maneuver force actions (FM 3-09). This process facilitates the maneuver commander’s ability to synchronize fire support with maneuver and employ fire support resources to achieve their objectives. Coordination of fire support begins with the commander’s intent and concept of the operation and continues simultaneously with the development of the scheme of maneuver. For more information on fire support planning, see FM 3-09. 3-4. Planning for the integration of fires flows from higher echelons to lower echelons. When building their plan, higher echelons should attempt to anticipate the needs of their subordinates for fires capabilities and request and allocate those capabilities on behalf of the subordinate HQ as much as possible. This allows the subordinate commander and staff to plan with known assets instead of building a plan with requested assets that may need to be altered significantly if those requests aren’t approved. Commanders should also generally avoid assigning fires tasks to fires assets that are organic, assigned, or in direct support to subordinate units to allow the subordinate commander maximum flexibility in their own planning. 3-5. When integrating fires into their plan, each echelon must consider both the needs of their own commander, as well as their role in executing the plan of the echelons above them. Lower echelons will generally have more tactical information available to them and are therefore responsible for refining and executing their portion of the plan of the higher echelon to ensure that the intent of the higher commander is met. An example of this type of refinement is refinement of the location of a target from a general location to a specific location based on the subordinate commander’s understanding of the terrain and use of obstacles. To integrate fires with the other elements of combat power, planners must build an environment that is permissive for the use of fires capabilities. In the physical domains, this is accomplished primarily through the use of control measures to delineate responsibilities. A control measure is a means of regulating forces