ADP-3-19 FIRES Warfighting Function Download
Page 26 of 52
Chapter 2 2-6 ADP 3-19 31 July 2019 operations are the employment of cyberspace capabilities where the primary purpose is to achieve objectives in or through cyberspace (JP 3-0). The interrelated cyberspace missions are Department of Defense information network operations, defensive cyberspace operations, and offensive cyberspace operations. For more information on cyberspace operations, see FM 3-12 and JP 3-12 (R). Electronic attack involves the use of electromagnetic energy, directed energy, or anti-radiation weapons to attack personnel, facilities, or equipment with the intent of degrading, neutralizing, or destroying enemy combat capability and is considered a form of fires. Electronic attack includes: Actions taken to prevent or reduce an enemy's effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum. Employment of weapons that use either electromagnetic or directed energy as their primary destructive mechanism. Offensive and defensive activities, including countermeasures. SPACE OPERATIONS Many lethal and nonlethal fires capabilities depend on space capabilities to support, integrate, and deliver fires. Army space capabilities are integrated throughout the fires warfighting function, providing robust and reliable planning, contributing to target development, and providing positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT), satellite communications, imagery, geolocation, weather, and terrain capabilities. GPS enables precision guided munitions, command and control systems, and near real-time situational awareness for lethal and nonlethal fires. Satellite communications enables real time communications between commanders and forces to enable immediate redirection of fires over extended distances to shape the operations. Weather satellites provide a variety of data points necessary for predicting effects of meteorological conditions on fires. Combined, PNT and satellite communications supports fires through the systems interfaces on the Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System. 2-23. In space operations, the fires warfighting function includes space control operations that create a desired effect on enemy space systems and across multiple domains. Space control plans and capabilities use a broad range of response options to provide continued, sustainable use of space. Space control contributes to space deterrence by employing a variety of measures to assure the use of space and attribute enemy attacks. These include terrestrial fires to defend space operations and assets. A capability for, or employment of, fires may deter threats and/or contain and de-escalate a crisis. Offensive space control are offensive operations conducted for space negation (JP 3-14). Negation in space operations, are measures to deceive, disrupt, degrade, deny, or destroy space systems. (JP 3-14). Offensive space control actions targeting an enemy’s space-related capabilities and forces could employ reversible or nonreversible means, and are considered a form of fires. As with other operational areas, when deliberate, nonlethal fires are directed into the space domain, they must be coordinated between the affected combatant commands if time permits. By honoring the boundaries of the space domain, combatant commanders help preserve space situational awareness, spacecraft life span, and space system performance. The information maintained within the space running estimate supports a commander’s ability to develop targets and conduct targeting. Examples of fires-related information tracked within the space running estimate includes: Predicted periods when GPS is degraded which may affect PNT accuracy, employment times, and locations for GPS aided munitions. This directly supports fires by assessing the proper employment of munitions (precision guided munitions vice conventional munitions) at specific times and locations. Supports input to the fires estimate, attack guidance matrix, and target synchronization matrix for use of GPS-aided munitions, employment of unmanned aerial systems for attack missions, employment of GPS-enabled field artillery firing platforms, and impacts on GPS-enabled target acquisition systems.