ADP-3-19 FIRES Warfighting Function Download

Execute Fires Across the Domains 31 July 2019 ADP 3-19 2-5 and outside the atmosphere. The AN/TPY-2 is a high precision, long range, phased-array radar. In its forward-based mode of deployment, the AN/TPY-2 radar detects ballistic missiles early in their flight and provides precise tracking information. All of these systems are considered land- based contributors to the ballistic missile defense program. They are deployed to joint areas of operations to protect national and strategic interests, defend the force and other critical assets, and act as deterrent while simultaneously providing active AMD.  SHORAD capabilities include Avenger; Stinger; counter-rocket, artillery, and mortar; and Sentinel. Avenger is a mobile lightweight weapon system used to counter enemy reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition efforts and low-level fixed- and rotary-wing threats. Stinger is an infra-red homing, fire-and-forget missile. It is mounted in missile pods on the Avenger and is employed by dismounted Stinger teams. Counter-rocket, artillery, and mortar is a system that consists of sensor, interceptor, and C2 systems. It is a fast reacting, short-range system used to detect and destroy incoming rockets and artillery and mortar rounds in the air before they hit their ground targets, or simply to provide early warning. The Sentinel radar is a 360-degree phased array radar that provides persistent air surveillance and fire control quality data. It can acquire, track, and classify cruise missiles, UAS, and fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft. SHORAD forces are positioned with maneuver formations in the close area, where maneuver force commanders plan to conduct decisive operations. Air defense airspace management (known as ADAM) cell personnel in the brigade combat team, for instance, plan and coordinate the support of SHORAD or other ADA forces and relay pertinent AMD information and early warning of enemy air activity to subordinate maneuver formations. Short-range-air defense forces generally defend assets in the division and brigade areas, while Patriot and Terminal High Altitude Area Defense units maintain coverage of assets in the division, corps, and theater areas. 2-16. Surface-to-air fires defend the force and support complementary efforts of Army and joint surface-to- surface, air-to-surface, and other fires and effects coordinated with cyberspace operations and electronic attack. Networked surface-to-air and air-to-surface capabilities assist commanders with the ability to surveil deep into enemy territory allowing friendly forces to see first, assume a safe posture, provide alert, and support attack operations. ADA systems also have a capability to provide launch point determinations to support attack operations (offensive counterair). 2-17. The defending force’s surveillance and firepower must be capable of defending throughout the entire AO in all directions. Surface-to-air fires may be challenged by series of complex or multiple integrated attacks in geographic areas where an advanced military or competing threat resides. These attacks may vary depending on region. Complex integrated attacks may include a mix of capabilities such as coordinated air- to-surface missiles, surface-to-surface weapons, unmanned aircraft systems, fixed-wing aircraft, and rotary- wing aircraft. Complex integrated attacks will likely be supported by enemy activities in other domains, such as jamming efforts and special operations forces’ attacks in the land domain. 2-18. All of the surface-to-air systems use a common engagement sequence to defend against aerial threats. The sequence begins with the surveillance of the airspace by electronic or visual means, followed by the detection of an aerial object. The object is tracked and then subjected to identification procedures which may be electronic or manual (visual identification). Once the object has been identified as a hostile (enemy), an evaluation is conducted of its intended target, predicted impact point, and expected time of arrival. The best weapon, paired with an appropriate sensor, is assigned to engage the target and, after the engagement, an assessment is conducted of the need for reengagement. 2-19. ADA personnel provide planning expertise at all echelons. These tasks include integrating procedures and positioning surface-to-air assets in support of operations plans. AMD planning establishes optimum layered defenses and allows for quick and efficient responses against air attacks defending friendly forces and critical infrastructure over considerably large geographic areas. Surface-to-air fires correctly classify, discriminate, and identify threatening air and missile targets, then engage designated threats with the appropriate number and type of interceptors. CYBERSPACE OPERATIONS AND ELECTRONIC WARFARE Friendly, enemy, adversary, and host nation networks, communications systems, computers, cellular phone systems, social media websites, and technical infrastructures are all part of cyberspace. Cyberspace