ADP-3-19 FIRES Warfighting Function Download

Chapter 2 2-4 ADP 3-19 31 July 2019 force air component commander’s interpretation of that JFC decision (allocation), and anticipated number of air support requests (ASRs) for CAS provided from the ground component. The senior ground forces commander (corps, JFLCC) then makes a distribution decision for use of CAS. The CAS distribution decision is the ground commander’s guidance for the employment of CAS assets among competing requirements and how each air support operations center will source immediate ASRs from CAS missions on the air tasking order. For example if 1AD is the main effort and has the preponderance of CAS dedicated by the senior ground forces commander (LCC) in the CAS distribution decision gives the air support operations center guidance on first call on resources. The distribution decision only affects those sorties assigned as CAS missions that are provided to support the Army. The Army process preplanned and immediate ASRs through the Army air-ground system to identify air support requirements to the supporting air component. Pre-planned ASRs are processed per the battle rhythm in sufficient time to meet the planning stages of the joint air tasking cycle and sourced on the initial published air tasking order. Immediate ASRs arise after the air tasking order is published and must be sourced by assets already tasked on the air tasking order. Scheduled and/or on-call air missions are tasked to support preplanned ASRs. Scheduled missions are planned against targets on which air attacks are delivered at a specific time. On-call missions (X-airborne alert and G-ground alert) are planned against target types for which a need can be anticipated for a timeframe. On-call air missions are preferably tasked to support immediate ASRs to satisfy dynamic targeting requirements. SURFACE-TO-AIR FIRES Surface-to-air fires capabilities include active defense weapons that are employed in both area and point defenses. ADA delivers precision surface-to-air missiles to defend friendly forces, fixed and semi-fixed assets, population centers and key infrastructure against air and missile threats. ADA executes Army AMD operations in support of joint counterair efforts. The role of ADA is to deter and defeat the range of aerial threats in order to assure allies, ensure operational access, and defend critical assets and deployed forces in support of unified land operations (FM 3-01). The air defense officer serves as the AMD expert for the maneuver commander at every echelon. Within BCTs, that service member is the senior air defense officer located in the Brigade ADAM Cell. The senior air defense officer in Divisions and Corps will be assigned to the AMD section within the G3. The senior air defense officer has the responsibility for AMD coordination and integration, which supports the critical asset list/defended asset list development process for the commander. See FM 3-01. 2-14. Ground units also take active and passive measures to defend against aerial threats when limited air defense assets are available. Active measures include small arms engagement of aerial threats. Passive measures include camouflage, concealment, or deception to prevent detection from aerial threats. Together, these measures are referred to as combined arms for air defense. For more information on combined arms for air defense, see FM 3-01 or ATP 3-01.8. 2-15. Surface-to-air weapons are normally used in a defensive role and offer optimal fires against aerial threats at different ranges and altitudes, especially upon entering a pre-planned and fully established engagement zone. ADA forces operate these weapon systems based on directives and guidelines established by fire control orders, ROE, and weapons control status. ADA weapon systems and personnel are employed at strategic, operational, and tactical levels to defend the force against the full range of air and missile threats. ADA performs the AMD functions of planning, coordinating and executing surface-to-air fires for supported commanders. ADA forces are expeditionary in nature, forward stationed, and operate these systems worldwide during joint combined arms operations. ADA capabilities include both high-to-medium air defense (also known as HIMAD) and short-range air defense (SHORAD) systems.  High-to-medium air defense (also known as HIMAD) capabilities include Patriot, Terminal High Altitude Area Defense system, and AN/TPY-2 forward-based mode radar system batteries. Patriot is a multi-mission system that provides AMD of combat land forces and other critical assets. Patriot forces are capable of defending against ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, unmanned aircraft, tactical air-to-surface missiles, large-caliber rockets, and fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft. Terminal High Altitude Area Defense system is an upper tier system that provides the capability to engage and negate the short-, medium- and intermediate-range ballistic missile threats within